How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back Research Paper

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development - Research Paper Example They bring great opportunities in the developing countries with employment generation, output expansion, and escalation in technical know-how and so on. But on the other hand it brings many challenges too. Brazil is a country whose economy has escalated in recent years and has encountered a large jolt of foreign investments. A major fraction of these investments have generated from the MNCs forming an indispensible part. In Brazil, these MNCs have propelled its economy, but also have contributed to the increased economic inequality leading to elevated poverty levels, loss of markets for the domestic producers and as well as behavioral aspects like identity loss. This has resulted in hindering the development of the Brazilian economy and also threatens its future. Apart from those social menaces like human trafficking is also hinders development. The paper discusses the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking has declined development and poses a threat to its future. 1. Introduct ion The rate of intensification of the terms globalization, internationalization, removal of trade barriers has escalated manifold within the framework of global trade in recent years. Mammoth investments are being made by organizations (Multinational and Transnational corporations) of the developed countries in the underdeveloped and developing countries reaping huge benefits for them with cost minimization. These foreign investments within the underdeveloped and developing countries have brought in a large number of opportunities in the form of employment, cultural integration, regional development of these countries (Tankeu, n.d.). Brazil, a Latin American country, has also encountered large foreign investments with MNCs entering into the country creating employment, local development and thrusting the pace of the economy. But this is only a superficial layer of thinking process. The story is not so simple. A deep scrutiny with evidences and reverse thought process reveal that ac tually the MNCs are hindering the current development of the country as well as its future. Social menaces like human trafficking have increased to elevated levels hitting the Brazilian economy really hard. Thus, having stated this, the focus of the paper will direct towards discussing the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking are actually hindering the growth of Brazilian economy and pushing it backwards (Hauge & Magnusson, 2011, p.6). The research question that will be addressed in this paper is, â€Å"How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development?† 2. Research track: For addressing the issue in a proper and transparent manner prior discussion needs to be done with the current situation of the country with respect to development status done under the heading present situation. Within it, the first segment deals with the concept of MNCs acting as hindrance to development. The next section presents data support of the country wi th respect to its development. After that, the subsequent section will deal with the problem of human trafficking in the country. Then the course of the paper will enter into the hardcore process of analyzing the country’s development hindrance due to MNCs followed by discussion of the issue of human trafficking. 3. Present situation 3.1 Alarming truth –MNCs in development shrinkage The trajectory of globalization through empirical evidences has been seen as two way traffic. At one end, it has acted as a force delivering economic prosperity to people all over the world and on the other hand, it has been blamed for creating huge inequalities

Major Organizational institutions Essay Example for Free

Major Organizational institutions Essay The major international organizations were all formed under one consensus developed by various countries. Each organization was created to fit a specific purpose, but they all follow a unique passion towards socio-economic stability on a global front, better governance, financial transparency, and respect for human rights (Karns, 2004). The organizations discussed in this paper are as follows: 1. International Monetary Fund 2. World Trade Organization 3. United Nations 4. Interpol 5. European Union The International Monetary Fund was created in 1944 with the sole objective of stabilizing exchange rates and the international monetary system. It consists of approximately 185 member countries. The structural hierarchy is topped by a managing director who is selected by executive directors representing various countries. The World Trade Organization was created in 1995 with the objective of liberalization international trade with checks and balances. Consisting of 153 members that constitute 95% of the total world trade, it is governed by a Ministerial Conference, which meets every two years and also appoints the head, the Director General. The WTO is further divided into the General council which deals with day to day affairs and policy decisions. The United Nations was first accepted by the world community through ratification in 1945. Comprising of 6 units ; The General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat and the International Court of Justice, the UN’s main aim is to facilitate co-operation in the fields of international justice, international law, international security, global economic development, the reduction of poverty and in the end, sustaining world peace. Interpol was created to develop international police co-operation between various countries. The organization is headed by a Secretary General and is governed by the Interpol General Assembly. Its underlying principle relies on the fact that Interpol facilitates information between member countries regarding drug trafficking, organized crime, weapon smuggling and so forth. Interpol cannot get political and thus remains a neutral organization. Its constitution forbids it to act between issues overlapping two member states regarding military, political or religious issues. The European Union constitutes 3 organizations. These include; European Economic Community, European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community. The European Union is composed of various states from Europe, thus making it a regional yet international organization. The European Union acts as one country with one currency (with the exception of United Kingdom) and a single trade policy (McCormick, 2005). In terms of economic development, the united nations development program deals entirely with facilitating resources to poorer countries and helping them develop on the agenda that the current first world nations used. The UNDP provides economic assistance, a variety of policy adjustments and macroeconomic stability programs to impoverished nations requiring aid. The International monetary fund further helps poor countries recover from fiscal debt that Governments accumulate. This helps Governments mitigate their financial and economic needs on a short term immediate basis. Countries suffering from bankruptcy often avail the IMF last fund sponsor program which allows them to borrow from the IMF. The IMF then acts as the lender to the country in need, state bank. The World Trade Organization was one of the first international organizations to spread the globalization bubble. Its view was to see the whole world as one single market and thus eliminate all barriers to trade. The reason being value of competition, low production costs and specialization in country specific production processes to increase quality of goods produced for everyone. The World Trade Organization promotes free and unrestricted trade by doing away with protectionist policies. This means that the WTO and its member countries trade freely with each other without quotas and restrictions. However, unfortunately that has not always been the case in the world market, as many developing countries seek to protect their infant industries. However, with time, the WTO has introduced a set of new policies which force member countries to be receptive to foreign competition in the hope of creating a more effective and efficient way of production that benefits all of mankind. The WTO functions under the ideology of capitalism hoping that with increased open trade, wealth will be created which will trickle down to the masses (Bossche, 2008). Terrorism, war crimes and international order has become a major issue in the rapidly changing world scenario. With continuous major war being fought in various parts of the world during the past 9 years, various new global organizations have come about to ensure the stability of peace. The United Nations, since 1945 has played an active role in these scenarios through one of its organs; the United Nations Security Council. Representing 5 major powers, Russia, United States, China, France and United Kingdom, the UN Security Council tackles global terrorism through sanctions and banning groups forcing member nations to act upon the rebel groups creating problems. Sanctions are slapped against nations abusing their force or subduing other nations in their thirst for power. To ensure neutrality and consensus, all 5 members on the council have the right to veto any resolution passed in the Security Council. This task is further augmented by Interpol which provides co-ordination between the different police forces of the member states. Interpol often issues international warrants for terrorist wanted by different states residing in other states. This allows for a more coordinated effort towards sustaining international order and keeping track of problems facing different nations such as arms smuggling, drug smuggling and human trafficking (Dana, 2000). The United Nations also has an International Court of Justice where various ousted political leaders are tried fairly for the crimes they committed against humanity, their people and other sovereign states. This court of justice ensures that war crimes do not go unpunished and are globally recognized by all member states (Roberts, 1994). One of the main organizations that undertake in capital investment is the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The OECD brings together various governments in order to provide sustainable development plans that various countries can use to break free from their economic turmoil. It also ensures the steady and sustainable flow of Human Capital Investment throughout the world. Raising living standards, maintaining financial stability and assisting other world economies through contributing in terms of intellect and physical economic strength is also part of the OECD mission. The future prospects for International Organizations are quite diverse when we observe the trends various organizations have seen over the past few years. With the dramatically changed global environment and thought process, a lot of organizations built on previous assumptions require change if they are to have any future prospects at all. The sudden shift to environmental change and the necessity to preserve our planet has put the focus of many governments, NGO’s and the majority of the population on Earth to shift their attention towards organizations that currently cater to this mind set. Environment change is being view increasingly as a step towards destruction man takes every day. When we talk about governance by such organizations, the prospects look constructive. Most people are turning towards such organizations because it caters to their â€Å"living green† ideology. This ideology is now engulfing our everyday life in the form of new foreign policies, industrial growth and development, and everyday management affairs ranging from the construction of roads to the syllabi of educational institutes. Day by day, companies adopt eco-friendly governance policies because that is what the people want and respect (Karns, 2004). Secondly, we have seen the failure of the United Nations once again. The International Court of Justice at max provides advice, the Security Council is tainted with bias behavior from certain states towards their allies and the resolutions tabled are often rejected on the basis of the veto vote. It is, without a doubt, an emerging thought, that governance by such organizations that police some and free others do not work. Thus, to think that such organizations can bring about global governance is mistaken. People have lost faith in such organizations and more people are doing so day by day. Finally, international monetary institutions and development support agencies are being shunned by developing countries to an alarming success. The false paradigm theory has broken away the countries that were once colonized. They now feel that imperial colonialism has now over-ridden their way of life and these international bodies promote it. Also, the fact that the policies and governance techniques these organizations offer are barely equip to deal with the problems threatening the developing nations of today. They might be well intended but fail to address the ailments of development countries. IMF policies and World Bank regulations are seen more as restrictions rather than good governance techniques to bring economies out of debt. Thus, their policies are often ignored. To presume that good governance can be bought through such international organizations only highlights the weak prospects that such organizations have in global governance when it comes to economic stability. References: Bossche, P. V. D. (2008). The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization. Cambridge University Press. Dana, D. (2000). Conflict Resolution. McGraw-Hill. Diehl, P. (2005). The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World. Lynne Rienner Publishers Karns, M. P. (2004). International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. Lynne Rienner Publishers McCormick, J. (2005). Understanding the European Union: A Concise Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Roberts, A. (1994). United Nations Divided World: the UNs Roles in International Relations. Oxford University Press.

Market Segmentation In Radio Listening Habits

Market Segmentation In Radio Listening Habits Market segmentation plays an important role in radio listening habits due to three important reasons. Firstly, it allows marketers to identify groups of listeners with similar needs and facilitate the analysis of characteristics and listening behaviour of these groups (Soutar Clarke 1983; Kent 1994; Arjona et al. 1998). Secondly, segmentation provides marketers with critical information that are necessary for designing marketing mixes that are consistent with the characteristics and desires of one or more segments (Arjona et al. 1998; Gatfield 2006). Thirdly, segmentation allows radio stations achieved its objectives while satisfying the needs and wants of its customers and listeners (Fitzgerald 2004; Gatfield 2006). According to past research done on radio listening habits had indicated that lifestyle segmentation is an appropriate and effective approach adopted by marketing managers to reach its target audiences (Massy 1971; Soutar Clarke 1983; Evans, Lawson Todd 2006). Therefore, this quantitative study will be focusing on a key research question Do lifestyle predicts radio listening patterns for 6WF and 96FM Radio Station? Firstly, an external market research company was engaged to conduct phone interviews within the Perth metropolitan area and respondents were asked to respond to 43 key sets of AIO (activity, interest and opinion statement). The AIO approach is one of the most common approach use by scholars to measure consumers lifestyle (Li 2004). Respondents lifestyle can be assess through a 1-7 likert scale measurement (where 1 stands for strongly disagree and 7 stands for strongly agree) (Cicia et al. 2010). Appendix 1 shows the AIO questionnaire. Responses were obtained from 400 household in metropolitan Western Australia. Secondly, factor analysis will be used to identify the latent construct of questionnaire as this is commonly use in business research (Hair Jr et al. 2010). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) will be used to verify all the questionnaire are categorized under the latent dimensions as proposed by previous theories or literatures (Soutar Clarke 1983) because the research will be using the 43 seven-point Lickert scale items to gauge if lifestyle influence a respondents listening habits. Thirdly, according to Leung, Fund and Lee (2009) a stepwise regression analysis is an appropriate method used to predict if lifestyle plays an important role in affecting radio listening habits. But before a factor analysis can be conducted the assumption of sample size, normality, linearity, outliers among cases, multicollinearity and singularity, factorability of the correction matrix and outliners among variables before analysis must be conducted. Results: The assumption on sample size was adequate as the research is based on 400 responses which are higher than the rule of thumb of 100. Thus, the sampling size is adequate for a factor analysis. When testing for normality on the AIO items, most of the AIO items seem to be normal with the exception of AIO8, 10,11,14,25,31,32,38. These 8 cases also had a series of outliners. Therefore, a data transformation will be required to determine if these questions can be kept for the analysis. After a series of data transformation, normality could not be achieved. Even with the deletion of outliners, normality was not achievable. Therefore these questions were eliminated from the analysis. Thus a total of 35 AIO items will be used. AIO8: AIO10 AIO11 AIO14 AIO25 AIO31 AIO32 AIO38 Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha Cronbachs Alpha Based on Standardized Items .732 .739 The reliability statistic as indicated above has a result higher than Cronbachs alpha .70, which indicates an acceptable degree of internal consistency. Confirmatory Factor Analysis will be conducted to verify the hidden dimension of lifestyle towards listening habits as well as to determine the number of items categorized under each hidden dimension. The factorability of a correlation matrix can be detected via the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy. In relation to this, the measure of sampling adequacy for each item (as shown on the diagonal of the anti-image correlation matrix) is larger than .5. Anti-image Matrices Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. The Communalities table shows the communalities value for each of the 35 items in the AIO questionnaire. Note that aio39 (I listen to the radio for a specific announcer or DJ) shows the highest communalities (.832), whereas aio5 (I have traditional ideas about most things) shows the lowest communalities (.413). The value of the initial communalities represents the percentage of variance in each item that can be explained by all possible factors. Hence, the value of initial communalities of (1.000) means that 100% of the variance in an item can be explained by all possible factors. On the other hand, the value of extracted communalities represents the percentage of variance in each item that can be explained by the extracted factors via the Principal Component (PC) Analysis. Hence the value of the extracted communalities is smaller as compared to the value of initial communalities. Based on the Total Variance Explained table, we can conclude that only 13 factors (with eigen value of more than 1) have been extracted via Principal Component (PC) Analysis. The first extracted factor can explain 11.448% in the items; the second factor can explain 10.115% of the variance in the items, all the way to the 11th extractor factor which explained 3.015% of the variance in the items. These 11 extracted factors can explain 65.518% of the variances in the AIO questionnaire items. Total Variance Explained Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. The Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings column reports information on the extracted factors with their respective eigen values, the percentage of variance and the cumulative percentage of variance explained by the extracted factor after the Varimax rotation. Only 11 factors (with eigen value of 1.055 to 4.007 respectively have been extracted. The first extracted factor can explain 7.744% of the variance in the items whereas the 11th factor can explain 3.727% of the variance in the items. As a whole, these 11 factors can explain 65.518% of the variance in questionnaire items. The Varimax rotation has changed the percentage of variance explained by the 11 factors (for example Factor 1 from 11.448% to 7.744%). The scree plot displays the eigen value for each of the factor. The plotted eigen value is based on the eigen value reported in Extraction Sum of Squared Loadings column. From the scree plot, observation can be made that there are two dominant factors with an eigen value of greater than 3.540. The Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization is conducted to better categorize the component matrix. Each item of the questionnaire that best suited a particular component will be categorized together and highlighted in different colors. For example, component 1 consists of items with a factor loading of 0.831 to 0.874. Appendix 2 provides the series of AIO questions associated to each component. Examination of the items grouping in each component allows the representation of a conceptually distinct aspect of lifestyle to radio listening as indicated in Appendix 2. The Rotated Component Matrix provide a form of content validity as it provide an assessment of the correspondence of the variables to be included in each component and its conceptual definition. This form of validity, also known as face validity, subjectively assesses the correspondence between the individual items and the concept through ratings (Hair Jr et al. 2010). For example, items in component 1 can be classified under a main concept or variables TV Addicts. The mean score of items associated to each component will be computed through the Transform Compute Variables function, for example, mean(aio27,aio20,ai04) of each respondent to form a new variables call Lifestyle_TV_Addicts. Rotated Component Matrixa Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. The computed data had resulted in 11 newly created variables that can be used to perform a multiple regression and provide information if lifestyle influence radio listening behaviour. The list of newly created variables can be found in Appendix 2. A stepwise linear regression will be conducted to address the below mentioned research question: What contributions do the 11 variables make to the prediction of radio listening preference of each radio station? Null Hypothesis: Lifestyle influence radio listening preference Alternate Hypothesis: Lifestyle does not influence radio listening preference Radio Station: 6WF Variables Entered/Removeda Model Variables Entered Variables Removed dimension0 1 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical . 2 Lifestyle_Fashion . 3 Lifestyle_Outdoor . a. Dependent Variable: q3wf The table above shows the order in which the variables were entered and removed from the model. 3 variables were added and none were removed. In addition, an examination of the Mahalanobis distance MAH_1 values had indicated that there are no multivariate outliers among the independent variables as there are no values that are greater than or equal to the critical chi square value of 13.8 at an alpha level of .001 (Coakes, Steed Ong 2010). Model Summaryd Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Change Statistics R Square Change F Change df1 df2 dimension0 1 .279a .078 .075 1.991 .078 33.576 1 398 2 .332b .111 .106 1.958 .033 14.603 1 397 3 .375c .141 .134 1.927 .030 13.968 1 396 a. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical b. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Fashion c. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Fashion, Lifestyle_Outdoor d. Dependent Variable: q3wf The above model summary indicated that model 1, which included only Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical accounted for 7.5% of the variance (adjusted R Square = 0.075). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Fashion in model 2 resulted in an additional 3.1`% of the variance explained. The inclusion of Lifestyle_Outdoor into model 3 resulted in an additional 2.8% of the variance explained (R Square change = 0.03). The whole model accounted for 13.4% of the variance in radio listening preference, which is highly significant, as indicated by the F-value of 21.635 in the ANOVA table below. ANOVAd Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 133.105 1 133.105 33.576 .000a Residual 1577.792 398 3.964 Total 1710.897 399 2 Regression 189.082 2 94.541 24.663 .000b Residual 1521.815 397 3.833 Total 1710.897 399 3 Regression 240.931 3 80.310 21.635 .000c Residual 1469.967 396 3.712 Total 1710.897 399 a. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical b. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Fashion c. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Fashion, Lifestyle_Outdoor d. Dependent Variable: q3wf The ANOVA assess the overall significance of the model. As p Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.120 .267 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical .384 .066 2 (Constant) 2.016 .352 5.732 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical .444 .067 .323 6.625 Lifestyle_Fashion -.266 .070 -.186 -3.821 3 (Constant) 1.280 .398 3.213 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical .452 .066 .329 6.856 Lifestyle_Fashion -.306 .069 -.214 -4.413 Lifestyle_Outdoor .221 .059 .176 3.737 Dependent Variable: q3wf Therefore the overall strength of the model in predicting lifestyle influence on radio listening preference for 6WF is as follow: Adjusted R square = .134; F3,396 = 21.635, p Predictor Variable Beta p Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical .329 p Lifestyle_Fashion -.214 p Lifestyle_Outdoor .176 p Radio Station: 96FM Variables Entered/Removeda Model Variables Entered Variables Removed dimension0 1 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts . 2 Lifestyle_Tradition . 3 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical . 4 Lifestyle_Conservative . 5 Lifestyle_Follower . 6 Lifestyle_Fashion . 7 Lifestyle_TV_Addicts . a. Dependent Variable: q396fm The table above shows us the order in which the variables were entered and removed from the model. Seven variables were added and none were removed. In addition, an examination of the Mahalanobis distance MAH_2 values had indicated that there are no multivariate outliers among the independent variables as there are no values that are greater than or equal to the critical chi square value of 13.8 at an alpha level of .001 (Coakes, Steed Ong 2010). Model Summaryh Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Change Statistics R Square Change F Change df1 df2 dimension0 1 .273a .074 .072 2.448 .074 31.961 1 398 2 .365b .133 .129 2.371 .059 27.051 1 397 3 .417c .174 .168 2.318 .041 19.607 1 396 4 .449d .201 .193 2.282 .027 13.358 1 395 5 .468e .219 .209 2.260 .017 8.795 1 394 6 .479f .229 .218 2.248 .011 5.388 1 393 7 .488g .239 .225 2.237 .009 4.788 1 392 a. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts b. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition c. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical d. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative e. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower f. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower, Lifestyle_Fashion g. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower, Lifestyle_Fashion, Lifestyle_TV_Addicts h. Dependent Variable: q396fm Model 1, which included Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts accounted for 7.2% of the variance (Adjusted R Square 0.072). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Tradition into model 2 resulted in an additional 6% of the variance being explained (R Square Change = .059). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical in model 3 resulted in an additional 4% of the variance being explained (R Square Change = .041). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Conservative in model 4 resulted in an additional 3% of the variance being explained (R Square Change = .027). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Follower in model 5 resulted in an additional 2% of variance explained (R Square Change = .017). The inclusion of Lifestyle_Fashion into model 6 resulted in an additional 1% of the variance explained (R Square Change = .011). Lastly, the inclusion of Lifestyle_TV_Addicts into model 7 resulted in an additional 1% of the variance explained (R Square Change = .009). The whole model accounted for 22.5% of the variance, which is highly signifi cant as indicated by the F-value of 17.547. ANOVAh Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F 1 Regression 191.481 1 191.481 31.961 Residual 2384.479 398 5.991 Total 2575.960 399 2 Regression 343.593 2 171.797 30.552 Residual 2232.367 397 5.623 Total 2575.960 399 3 Regression 448.908 3 149.636 27.858 Residual 2127.052 396 5.371 Total 2575.960 399 4 Regression 518.486 4 129.622 24.885 Residual 2057.474 395 5.209 Total 2575.960 399 5 Regression 563.413 5 112.683 22.060 Residual 2012.547 394 5.108 Total 2575.960 399 6 Regression 590.630 6 98.438 19.486 Residual 1985.330 393 5.052 Total 2575.960 399 7 Regression 614.586 7 87.798 17.547 Residual 1961.374 392 5.004 Total 2575.960 399 a. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts b. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition c. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical d. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative e. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower f. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower, Lifestyle_Fashion g. Predictors: (Constant), Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts, Lifestyle_Tradition, Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical, Lifestyle_Conservative, Lifestyle_Follower, Lifestyle_Fashion, Lifestyle_TV_Addicts h. Dependent Variable: q396fm The ANOVA assess the overall significance of the model. As p Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) .534 .537 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .599 .106 2 (Constant) 1.858 .579 3.208 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .566 .103 .258 5.505 Lifestyle_Tradition -.346 .067 -.243 -5.201 3 (Constant) 3.021 .624 4.841 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .624 .101 .284 6.152 Lifestyle_Tradition -.390 .066 -.274 -5.921 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.348 .079 -.206 -4.428 4 (Constant) 4.330 .711 6.088 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .651 .100 .296 6.503 Lifestyle_Tradition -.353 .066 -.248 -5.371 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.292 .079 -.173 -3.696 Lifestyle_Conservative -.363 .099 -.170 -3.655 5 (Constant) 4.539 .708 6.413 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .723 .102 .329 7.084 Lifestyle_Tradition -.330 .065 -.232 -5.042 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.312 .079 -.185 -3.975 Lifestyle_Conservative -.351 .098 -.164 -3.568 Lifestyle_Follower -.195 .066 -.137 -2.966 6 (Constant) 4.187 .720 5.815 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .679 .103 .309 6.567 Lifestyle_Tradition -.325 .065 -.228 -4.984 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.351 .080 -.208 -4.394 Lifestyle_Conservative -.359 .098 -.168 -3.663 Lifestyle_Follower -.220 .066 -.155 -3.316 Lifestyle_Fashion .193 .083 .110 2.321 7 (Constant) 4.560 .737 6.191 Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .666 .103 .303 6.463 Lifestyle_Tradition -.297 .066 -.208 -4.490 Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.360 .080 -.213 -4.525 Lifestyle_Conservative -.333 .098 -.156 -3.395 Lifestyle_Follower -.203 .067 -.143 -3.053 Lifestyle_Fashion .210 .083 .120 2.526 Lifestyle_TV_Addicts -.162 .074 -.101 -2.188 a. Dependent Variable: q396fm Therefore the overall strength of the model in predicting lifestyle influence on radio listening preference for 96FM is as follow: Adjusted R Square = .225, F7,392 = 17.547, p Predictor Variable Beta p Lifestyle_Radio_Addicts .303 p Lifestyle_Tradition -.208 p Lifestyle_Cultural_Classical -.213 p Lifestyle_Conservative -.156 p = 0.001 Lifestyle_Follower -.143 p = 0.002 Lifestyle_Fashion .120 p = 0.012 Lifestyle_TV_Addicts -.101 p = 0.029 The models representing both radio stations, 6WF and 96FM, are not a good model as they only explained 13.4% and 22.5% of the variance (R Square) in radio listening preference. Therefore, lifestyle can be seen as an insignificant predictor of radio listening preference. Therefore, the H0 will be rejected and H1 will be accepted and conclude that lifestyle does not influence radio listening preference. Conclusion: It is apparent that, the two radio stations, 6WF and 96FM, did not have distinct audiences with different lifestyle. This is a direct contrast to the previous research conducted by Soutar and Clarke (1983) that concluded lifestyle plays a role in influencing radio listening patterns. Therefore, the respective radio stations program manager need not have distinct radio programming policy to attract a different group of audiences. However, the research has indicated that lifestyle plays a more important role in predicting the radio listening preference for 96FM than 6WF because the model represented in the regression analysis managed to explained 22.5% of the variance, which is 9.1% more than the 6WFs model (13.4% of the variance explained). Bibliography Arjona, LD, Shah, R, Tinivelli, A Weiss, A 1998, Marketing to the Hispanic Consumer, The McKinsey Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 3. Cicia, G, Corduas, M, Del Giudice, T Piccolo, D 2010, Valuing Consumer Preferences with the CUB Model: A CaseStudy of Fair Trade Coffee, International Journal on Food System Dynamics, vol. 1, pp. 82-93. Coakes, SJ, Steed, L Ong, C 2010, SPSS Version 17.0 for Windows: Analysis without anguish, Wiley, Milton, Qld. Evans, S, Lawson, R Todd, S 2006, New Zealand in the 21st century: A consumer lifestyles study, NZ Post, Loyalty NZ, University of Otago Fitzgerald, J 2004, Evaluating Return on Investment of Multimedia Advertising with a Single-Source Panel: A Retail Case Study, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 262-270. Available from: ufh. Gatfield, T 2006, Community Radio Broadcasting and Positioning an Australian Perspective, Marketing Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 183-189. Available from: buh. Hair Jr, JF, Black, WC, Babin, BJ Anderson, RE 2010, Multivarate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, Seven edn, Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Kent, R 1994, Measuring Media Audiences, Routledge, London. Leung, L, Fung, AYH Lee, PSN 2009, Embedding into out lives: New opportunities and challenges of the internet, The Chinese University Press, NT, Hong Kong. Li, S-CS 2004, Examining the factors that influence the intentions to adopt internet shopping and cable television shopping in Taiwan, New Media Society, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 173-193. Massy, WF 1971, Discriminant Analysis of Audience Characteristics, in Multivariate Analysis in Marketing, ed. D Aaker, Wadsworth, California. Soutar, JN Clarke, YM 1983, LIFE STYLE AND RADIO LISTENING PATTERNS IN PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Australian Journal of Management, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 71. Available from: buh. Appendix 1 AIO Questionnaire

Frank Liszt Essay -- essays research papers

Franz Liszt was born on October 22, 1811 and lived until July 31, 1886. He was taught the piano by his father and then Czerny (Vienna, 1822-1823), making himself known as a remarkable concert artist by the age of 12. In Paris he studied theory and composition with Reicha and Paer; he wrote an opera and bravura piano pieces and went on tours in France, Switzerland and England before his bad health and religious doubt made him rethink his career. Intellectual growth came through literature, and the urge to create through hearing opera and especially Paganini, whose influence effected Liszt. He eagerly transferred to the piano in original works and operatic fantasias. Meanwhile he gave lessons and began his stormy relationship (1833-1844) with the (married) Countess Marie d'Agoult. They lived in Switzerland and Italy and had three children. He gave concerts in Paris, maintaining his legendary reputation, and published some essays, but was active chiefly as a composer (Annees de pèlerinage). To help raise funds for the Bonn Beethoven monument, he resumed the life of a travelling virtuoso (1839-1847); he was admired everywhere, from Ireland to Turkey, Portugal to Russia. In 1848, he took up a full-time job conducting post at the Weimar court. Living with Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein, he wrote or revised most of the major works for which he is known, conducted new operas by Wagner, Berlioz and Verdi and, as the teacher of Hans von Bülow and ot...

Critical Responce Essay Essay

A Sound of Thunder and Nethergrave were two both amazing Stories. I loved them both, but there was one story that stood out above the other. This one particular story was Nethergrave. Nethergrave was an amazing lit up story it literally caught my attention immediately, it was so interesting and good it caught my eye at the very beginning. A Sound of Thunder was also an amazing story but I loved Nethergrave a bit more because it was more of one of those stories that just grabbed my attention. The main thought in my head while I was reading A sound of Thunder was why is the story called A sound of thunder that thought just kept running thru my mind but when I got to finish it I understood it and It was a great story. Nethergrave was basically about a boy who Felt All Alone and just wanted somebody to talk to make jokes with and play around with and that is why he lied to his friends on the internet probably because he wanted them to think he was cool and not some skinny kid who had no friends at all. This story was a good learning experience for me because It can teach someone don’t be afraid to tell the truth even if someone cant except you for who you are that’s their loss because you are probably a great person. Jeremy knew that that other kids didn’t want to be his friends so he met some online friends and they were nice to him because they did not know about the real him and he didn’t know about the real them. Basically what the story is saying is be yourself and don’t lie to be accepted. This was an amazing story and I loved it.

Certificacin laboral PERM para green card por trabajo

Certificacin laboral PERM para green card por trabajo La certificacià ³n laboral PERM  es uno de los primeros requerimientos que deben cumplir las empresas que quieren patrocinar una tarjeta de residencia (green card) a trabajadores extranjeros. El  PERM, que son las siglas que se utilizan en inglà ©s para referirse a este requisito, es un paso previo y necesario a la solicitud de la green card al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En otras palabras, sin la aprobacià ³n del PERM por parte del Departamento de Trabajo (DoL, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) no es posible iniciar los trmites migratorios. En este artà ­culo se explica los pasos para obtener el PERM, para quà © categorà ­as de peticià ³n de la green card por trabajo es necesario, tiempo de demora de su tramitacià ³n, quà © sucede con la familia del trabajador para el que se solicita el PERM y otras opciones para trabajar en Estados Unidos Pasos para obtener la green card por trabajo y cunto tiene lugar el PERM El PERM  es el segundo paso en la tramitacià ³n de una green card por trabajo. El primero paso es que una empresa està © dispuesta a patrocinar a un trabajador extranjero especà ­fico. Estas son las 100 empresas que patrocinan un mayor nà ºmero de tarjetas de residencia. Esta es una informacià ³n importante porque brinda una idea clara de quà © tipo de empresas suelen patrocinar y para quà © tipo de trabajo. Sin embargo, esto no quiere decir que las empresas pequeà ±as no patrocinen o no puedan hacerlo. Todo lo contrario. Pero lo cierto es que las grandes, particularmente en algunos sectores como el tecnolà ³gico, estn ms acostumbradas a hacerlo y estn ms familiarizadas con el proceso. El segundo paso en la tramitacià ³n de la green card por patrocinio de empresa es presentar el PERM ante el Departamento de Trabajo (DoL, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Una vez que se obtiene la aprobacià ³n del PERM tiene lugar el tercer paso, que es presentar la peticià ³n ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Y finalmente, el à ºltimo paso se desarrolla con el Departamento de Estado si el trabajador est fuera de Estados Unidos, ya que la visa de inmigrante se obtiene en una embajada o consulado de los Estados   Unidos. Hay que destacar que los migrantes en Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de ilegalidad deben consultar con un abogado antes de iniciar cualquier tipo de trmite, porque en la mayorà ­a de los casos el tener una empresa dispuesta a patrocinar no va a servir de nada como camino hacia la regularizacià ³n. Todo lo contrario, sirve para alertar a las autoridades migratorias. Peticiones de green card cuando es necesario el PERM: EB-2 y EB-3 Para casi todos los casos en los que se patrocina una green card a travà ©s de estas categorà ­as es necesario obtener un PERM (ver ms abajo las excepciones). En primer lugar, la categorà ­a conocida como EB-2 o segunda preferencia. Pueden beneficiarse los profesionales con una maestrà ­a o estudios superiores o tambià ©n las personas con habilidades excepcionales en los Negocios, las Artes y las Ciencias. Hay 40,000 visas de inmigrante  asignadas  por aà ±o fiscal para esta categorà ­a. En segundo lugar, la categorà ­a EB-3 o Tercera preferencia y Otros trabajadores que aplica a: Profesionales con licenciatura o egresados universitarios, es decir, el equivalente a el B.A. o el B.S. de Estados Unidos. Personas sin estudios universitarios pero con una habilidad profesional especial y experiencia laboral mà ­nima de dos aà ±os. Personas sin habilidades especiales pero cuyo trabajo requiere una experiencia laboral de al menos dos aà ±os. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que la certificacià ³n laboral PERM no se requiere para los extranjeros que alegan que la tarjeta deberà ­a otorgrsele por razones de:   Interà ©s Nacional, es lo que se conoce como NIW, por sus siglas en inglà ©s dentro de la categorà ­a EB-2Habilidad extraordinaria en la categorà ­a EB-1, inversià ³n EB-5, o trabajadores especiales incluidos en la categorà ­a EB-4, tales como trabajadores religiosos, extranjeros que han prestado ms de 12 aà ±os de servicio en el Ejà ©rcito de Estados Unidos, traductores iraquà ­es y afganos que han trabajado para Estados Unidos, etc. En quà © consiste el PERM   La empresa estadounidense que desea patrocinar la green card a un trabajador extranjero debe obtener primero el PERM siguiendo 3 pasos. En primer lugar, el empleador americano debe publicitar la oferta de trabajo para asegurarse de que ningà ºn ciudadano americano, residente permanente, refugiado, asilado o persona con un permiso de trabajo est dispuesto y quiere desempeà ±ar ese empleo. Se trata de asegurar de que si hay ya en los Estados Unidos personas cualificadas que pueden trabajar, à ©stas opten al trabajo. Para ello, la empresa debe realizar labores para intentar encontrar un trabajador por un mà ­nimo de 30 dà ­as y un mximo de 180. Las condiciones son tambià ©n diferentes segà ºn se trate de una ocupacià ³n profesional o no. En segundo lugar, debe comunicarse con la NPWC –una oficina federal- para saber cul es el salario que se paga por el puesto de trabajo que se ofrece. Y es que ningà ºn extranjero puede cobrar menos y recibir beneficios laborales inferiores a los que cobran las personas nacionales en ese mismo puesto de trabajo, para evitar que las personas de otros paà ­ses presionen hacia abajo los salarios. Y en tercer lugar, el empleador debe rellenar electrà ³nicamente la planilla ETA Form 9089  en la pgina web del Departamento de Trabajo (DoL). Para ello debe crearse previamente una cuenta de usuario.  ¿Quà © examina el DoL para decidir si aprueba un PERM? El DoL bsicamente verifica  tres cosas: que la empresa està © respetando todas las regulaciones   que no hay  en Estados Unidos una persona que pueda trabajar, que està © capacitada para el trabajo que se ofrece y que està © dispuesta a hacerlo.que el empleo de una persona extrajera no afecta negativamente ni al salario ni a las condiciones laborales de trabajadores estadounidenses que se desempeà ±an en posiciones similares. El caso de empresas que quieren patrocinar a familiares El DoL pone especial atencià ³n a los casos en los que existe una relacià ³n familiar entre quien contrata y el patrocinado. En concreto la pregunta C.9 pide especà ­ficamente seà ±alar si el dueà ±o de la empresa o algà ºn socio, oficial o accionista es familiar el patrocinado. Y en este contexto el tà ©rmino de familia debe entenderse en sentido amplio e incluye a: cà ³nyuges, hijos, padres, abuelos, nietos, tà ­os y primos en cualquier grado. El và ­nculo puede ser por sangre, adopcià ³n o matrimonio. Si se puede probar que la necesidad de ese trabajador es de buena fe, el DoL aprobar el PERM, pero si el oficial a cargo del caso cree que se trata simplemente de querer contratar a un familiar pero hay ya en Estados Unidos un trabajador que puede ocupar ese trabajo, negar la peticià ³n. Tener en cuenta que contestar a esa pregunta otra cosa que no sea la verdad constituye un fraude de ley y que en el momento en que se descubre puede dar lugar bien a la negacià ³n del PERM o, si ya ha sido aprobado, a su revocacià ³n.   Tiempo de demora para la certificacià ³n laboral por el DoL Generalmente, el DoL aspira a dar una respuesta en el plazo mximo de 60 dà ­as. Sin embargo, en la actualidad se est demorando ms llegando a casi 90 dà ­as. Adems, si por cualquier razà ³n le ha tocado a la peticià ³n ser auditada, se requerir informacià ³n adicional al empleador y el trmite se demorar ms tiempo. Si la certificacià ³n de laboral PERM es aprobada, entonces el empleador debe dirigirse en un plazo mximo de 180 dà ­as al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tras rellenar la planilla I-140 se iniciar el proceso migratorio. Si el trabajador est legalmente en EEUU, por ejemplo, con una visa H1-B vlida y no hay que esperar para que la haya visas de inmigrante (tarjetas de residencia) disponibles para la categorà ­a para la que se pide al trabajador, entonces se puede solicitar al mismo tiempo un ajuste de estatus mediante la planilla I-485. Si no hay visa de inmigrante disponible, no se puede solicitar todavà ­a el ajuste y hay que esperar legalmente a tener una para poder hacerlo. Lo mismo sucede cuando el trabajador est en el extranjero, si hay visa de inmigrante disponible  se iniciar el proceso consular para concederle la visa para viajar a EEUU. La tarjeta de residencia se activar una vez que entra al paà ­s mediante un sello en el pasaporte. Pero si no hay visa disponible, tendr que esperar.  ¿Quà © es esto de si hay visa de inmigrante disponible? Puede suceder que en el caso de trmites tarjetas de residencia por empleo dentro de la categorà ­a EB-3   el nà ºmero de solicitudes sea superior al nà ºmero de visas de inmigrante que hay disponibles para esa categorà ­a. En estos casos se puede producir una demora entre la aprobacià ³n del USCIS y la fecha en la que se inician los à ºltimos trmites. Adems, esta espera puede afectar ms a los nacionales de determinados paà ­ses, ya que se establece un là ­mite por aà ±o fiscal no sà ³lo en el nà ºmero total de visas de inmigrante que se pueden dar en una determinada categorà ­a, sino tambià ©n en el porcentaje mximo que puede ir a los nacionales de un paà ­s. Para verificar cunto se puede demorar, checar la fecha de prioridad de la aplicacià ³n con la que publica cada mes el Departamento de Estado (DoS) en su Boletà ­n de Visas, dentro de la categorà ­a correspondiente. Tener en cuenta que la fecha de prioridad cuando ha sido necesario el PERM es la de presentacià ³n de papeles en el DoL mientras que si no ha sido necesaria es la fecha de presentacià ³n del formulario I-140 ante el USCIS. Familiares de trabajadores patrocinados para green card por razà ³n de trabajo El cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros de 21 aà ±os de un trabajador para el que se patrocina una green card por estas categorà ­as tambià ©n pueden obtener sus propias residencias permanentes. A efectos migratorios, el tà ©rmino cà ³nyuge incluye tanto a los matrimonios entre un varà ³n y una mujer como a los celebrados vlidamente entre 2 personas del mismo sexo.  ¿Dà ³nde obtener ayuda para completar el PERM? Si se tiene algà ºn problema de carcter tà ©cnico como, por ejemplo, haber olvidado el PIN de usuario, se puede enviar un correo electrà ³nico a: pic.helpdol.gov Si se tiene alguna duda o inquietud sobre algà ºn aspecto del PERM, como por ejemplo, dà ³nde se debe publicitar el reclutamiento y cà ³mo, contactar por correo electrà ³nico con el Departamento de trabajo en la siguiente direccià ³n: PLC.Atlantadol.gov En todo caso, el PERM es un asunto que requiere conocimientos migratorios y   tà ©cnicos por lo que es aconsejable asesorarse con un abogado. Cuando se obtiene el PERM pero la peticià ³n de green card no es aprobada Es posible que a pesar de tener una empresa dispuesta a patrocinar y de obtener el OK del Departamento de Trabajo al PERM al final de toda la tramitacià ³n se niegue la solicitud de la tarjeta de residencia. Las razones pueden ser muy variadas pero se resumen en una sola palabra: inelegible. Y es que para obtener la green card tanto a travà ©s del procedimiento consular o por medio de un ajuste de estatus es necesario ser elegible. Si por una causa se es inelegible, la residencia no es aprobada. Dependiendo de la causa en algunos casos ser posible obtenerla ms tarde, dejando pasar un tiempo. En otros la opcià ³n puede ser solicitar un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Y, en otras situaciones no se puede hacer nada con las leyes actuales en mano y no se obtendr la green card. Otras opciones migratorias para trabajar Para trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos se necesita un documento que explà ­citamente lo permita, como por ejemplo una visa de trabajo, una de intercambio admitiendo la visa J-1 muchas variedades  o un permiso de trabajo. En todo caso, aceptar un trabajo sin tener documentos migratorios que lo permitan es una violacià ³n migratoria. No confundir PERM con LCA La certificacià ³n laboral aplica cuando se quiere patrocinar a un trabajador extranjero en las categorà ­as  EB-2 y EB-3, es decir, esto es un proceso distinto al de Aplicacià ³n de Condicià ³n Laboral (LCA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), que es un paso previo que se necesita realizar ante el Departamento de Trabajo pero para las  visa de trabajo temporal  H-1B. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. no es asesorà ­a legal.